of gastric contents via retro-peristalsis.?Nausea-Vomiting: simultaneity or separatenessР恶心:紧迫欲吐,通常伴有上腹不适和迷走兴奋的临床征候群。?呕吐:胃和/或小肠内容物经食管和口腔排除体外?恶心和呕吐常伴随存在,也可单独出现!Р1、恶心:咽部及上腹部不适,胃张力和蠕动减弱,幽门和贲门开放。?2、干呕:胃窦部和腹壁肌肉收缩,腹压增加,食管及咽部开放。?3、呕吐:胃和/或小肠内容物经食管和口腔排除体外。РDefinition of emesis. (Three phases)?呕吐反射过程(三个阶段)Р1. Nausea - the inclination or feeling of imminent desire to vomit, usually felt in the throat or epigastrum. Associated with decreased activity of the stomach.?2. Retching - the labored rhythmic contraction of respiratory and abdominal musculature that frequently precedes or panies vomiting.?3. Vomiting - the forceful oral expulsion of gastric contents via retroperistalsis. (Abdominal effects).Р迷走兴奋表现Р恶心Р干呕Р呕吐Р发生机制Р呕吐区别于反食Р呕吐:多数情况有恶心的感觉和呕吐反射的协调动作。Р反食:无恶心的感觉和呕吐反射的协调动作。(儿童、饱餐)РMechanisms of emesis
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