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语言学导论-第4章Syntax PPT课件

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ar: 8 parts of speech?Noun?Verb?Adjective?Adverb?Pronoun?Preposition?Conjunction?Interjection “Oh, Ouch, eh, Hey, …”РMeaning:? N.: to denote entities and objects? e.g., John, Mary, pen, book? V.: to designate action, sensation and states? e.g., run, hate, exist? Adj.: to modify property of nouns? e.g., pretty lady? Adv.: to denote property of verbs? e.g., Jenny left quietly.РNot always reliable:? He stands still.? love – hate? be aware of – know aboutРInflection -- affix?Words of different categories take different inflections.? E.g., Plural affix “s”– N.? Past tense “ed”, progressive affix “ing”– V.? Comparative affix “er”, superlative “est”– A.? Exception: ? milk, stand-stood, let-let, petitive? “s”– third person singular? “ed”– Adj. (deviational affix)? “er”– teacher (deviational affix)

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