, pneumothorax, trauma ?neuro-muscles: poliomyelitis ( 脊髓灰质炎), myasthenia gravis (重症肌无力)?Diaphragma movement disorder: obviously elevated pressure in abdominal cavityРEtiologyР2 . Cardio-vascular system diseasesР1 Heart failure?2 pericardial tamponade?3 pulmonary artery hypertension?4 Pulmonary thromboembolismРEtiologyР3. ToxicationР1)Uraemia?2) diabetes ketoacidosis?3)Drug-induced toxication: morphine, organic phosphor, nitrite, cyanide?4)carbon monoxide poisoningРEtiologyР4. HemopathyР1)serious anemia?2)High-iron-content hemoglobin?3)Abnormal hemoglobinРEtiologyР5. Neural and mental factorsР1)Respiratory nerve center obstacle, ?cranial trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral tumor, encephalitis and meningitis?2)Mental factor: hysteriaРEtiologyРIII. Mechanism and?Clinical feature of Dyspnea
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