外科学颅内高压ppt课件

is above 2.0kPa (200mmH2O), which caused by traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, hydrocephalus as well as intracranial infection.Р颅内压的形成Р颅内压(ICP,intracranial pressure):是指颅腔内容物(脑组织、脑脊液、血液)对颅腔壁、脑组织等所产生的压力。?Intracranial pressure is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is produced by intracranial contents.Р颅内压的正常值Р临床上常以腰椎穿刺或直接脑室穿刺来测量。?正常颅内压力:? 成人:0.7~2.0 kPa(70~200mmH2O)。? 儿童:0.5~1.0kPa(50~100mmH2O)。? 颅内压监护装置(有创和无创)可进行持续动态观察Р颅内压的调节与代偿Р颅腔内容物:? 1、脑组织:1150~1350cm3,占80%以上;? 2、脑脊液总量约150ml,占10%左右;? 3、血液量占2%~11%,变动较大。? 颅腔闭合后,颅腔的容积基本上恒定,中国人约为1400ml。颅腔内容物总的体积也是基本保持稳定。若脑、脑脊液、血液三者中,有一种的体积增大或增加,其它两种内容物的量则相应减少(Monroe-Kellie原理),实现颅内压在一定限度内,保持正常的平衡状态。Р颅内压增高的原因Р颅腔内容物(脑组织、脑脊液、血液)的体积增加;?颅内占位性病变使颅内空间相对变小;?先天性畸形使颅腔的容积变小。Р脑积水Р颅内占位Р狭颅症