囊壁全层合并周围淋巴结转移。? Ⅴ期:直接侵及肝脏或转移至其他脏器或远处转移。在TNM肿瘤分期中的定义原则包括两个方面一个是具体T(原发肿瘤)、N(淋巴结)、M(远处转移)的定义及分类。目的主要是判断肿瘤的外科干预程度,如T1-2是可以达到根治性切除,T3可能达到根治性切除,但预后相对较差,T4提示无法根治性切除。另一个是将TNM组合的肿瘤分期,主要侧重于判断肿瘤的早中晚期及预后。6.allbladderCancerT1Tumorinvadeslaminapropria(T1a)ormuscular(T1b)layerT2Tumorinvadesperimuscularconnectivetissue,noextensionbeyondtheserosaorintotheliverT3Tumorperforatestheserosa(visceralperitoneum)and/ordirectlyinvadesintoliverand/anorstructuresuchasthestomach,duodenum,colon,pancreas,omentum,ansand/6.7.02010N0:NolymphnodemetastasesN1:RegionallymphnodemetastasesM0:NodistantmetastasesM1:DistantmetastasesN1:Hilarnodes(lymphnodesadjacenttothecysticduct,bileduct,hepaticartery,andportalvein).N2:Otherregionalnodes(celiac,peri-duodenal,andperi-pancreaticlymphnodesandthosealongthesuperiormesentericartery).
全文预览
