dependent upon the specific socio-cultural, historical circumstances operating within the literary system ( Gentzler 1993:117) He observes the position of translation within varying cultural systems to determine how texts to be translated are selected by the receiving culture and how translated texts adopt certain norms and functions as a result of their relation to other target language systems ( Even-Zohar 1978, as cited in Gentzler 1993:118) .Polysystem theory is therefore revised to include extraliterary factors, socio-cultural forces such as patronage, social conditions, economics, and institutional manipulation correlated to the way tranaslations are chosen and function for the cultural turn in translation studies that further enhanced the development of Western translation theories.
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