着的数量和随时间而改变的行为。为了理解它,必需清楚的认明特异问题,然后形成可以检验的假设。以数学的思想方法构造假说常常是很有用的,可以躲开在语言模型中不能避免的含糊不清和混淆。数学模型在生态学里被广泛的应用。Rule4Genesandenvironmentarebothimportant.anismfindsitselfinplaysanimportantroleindeterminingtheoptionsopentothatindividual.anism’smakeuparealsooffundamentalimportance.Tounderstandecologyitisimportanttoappreciatethefundamentalnatureofbothofthesefactorsandthefactthattheyinteract.plexityrequiresmodels.plexsubject,withhugevariationatalmosteveryscale-millionsofspecies,icvariation,varyingnumbersandever-plexanddynamicenvironment.Tounderstandit,itisnecessarytoclearlyidentifyspecificquestionsandthenformulatehypotheseswhichcanbetested.Itisoftenveryusefultoframethehypothesisinmathematicaltermstoavoidambiguityandconfusionwhichareofteninevitableinaverbalmodel.Mathematicalmodelsarewidelyusedinecology.
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