Elimination?Bowel Elimination ProblemsРAssessment of Bowel EliminationРFrequency?1-3 times/ day ----- 3 times /weekРAmount ?100-300 g/day in adultРFecal CharacteristicsРNormal DefecationtРShape ?Consistency ?Color?Constituents ?OdorРNormal DefecationРFecal CharacteristicsРShape and Consistency?Diameter of rectum?Soft, formedРColor?BrownРConstituents ?Undigested food, dead bacteria, fat, bile pigment, cells lining, mucosa, waterРOdor?Affected by food typeРNormal DefecationtРPencil shaped ? obstruction, rapid peristalsis, ?Liquid ? diarrhea with reduced absorption?chestnut shaped, Hard? constipationРAbnormal – blood, pus, foreign bodies, mucus, wormsРWhite or clay – no bile?Black– bleeding in upper GI tract?Red – bleeding in lower GI tract or hemorrhoids?Pale with fat – mal-absorption of fat
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