y moving from letter to letter, word to word. 5. Reading is an individual activity. 6. We need to read and understand all the words in order to understand a text. 7. We read everything at the same speed. 8. When reading in a foreign language, we mentally translate everything in order to understand. 9. It is helpful to use a dictionary to find the meaning of all the words. 10. The lack of cutural knowledge may affect the rate of prehension. Three Models of Reading and Reading Teaching ? Bottom-up model 自下而上模式? Top-down model 自上而下模式? Interactive model 互动模式 Bottom-up Processing ? The Meaning is in the Text 意义在文本? Meaning is extracted from the text 文本出意义? Reader acts as a “ decoder ”读者解读? Linear process 线性加工过程? Letters > words > phrases > sentences> paragraphs > text 语言单位递增
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