and how much to purchase, produce, or ship. More accurate information from supply chain management systems reduces uncertainty and the impact of the bullwhip effect.РSupply chain management software includes software for supply chain planning and for supply chain execution. technology facilitates the management of global supply chains by providing the connectivity anizations in different countries to share supply chain information. munication among supply chain members also facilitates efficient customer response and movement toward a demand-driven model.Р3. How do customer relationship management systems help firms achieve customer intimacy?РCustomer relationship management (CRM) systems integrate and automate customer-facing processes in sales, marketing, and customer service, providing