《青年牛和围产期奶牛的营养管理》奶牛新技术课件

较高血中非酯性脂肪酸或β-羟基丁酸时CowswithelevatedNEFAorBHBApostpartumhad:子宫内膜炎,第四胃异位或临床性酮病风险增加4.4倍4.urrenceofmetritis,displacedabomasum,orclinicalketosis怀孕率降低13~16%13–16%epregnant整个产奶期的能量校正奶量减少393–647kg393–647kglessECMperlactationSurveyofTMR-fedfree-stallherdsinnortheastUSA(Ospinaetal.,2010a,b,c)酮病在泌乳早期即显现?KetosisappearsveryearlyinlactationOverall,43.2%ofcowshadatleastonepositivetest(BHBA>1.2mmol/Land<2.9mmol/LbyPrecision–Xtrameter)McArtetal.,2012管理能量负平衡是围产期能否成功的关键ManagingNegativeEnergyBalance(NEB)energy(NEL)requirements2daysbeforeand2daysaftercalving725-kg成年牛Cow?570-kg头胎牛Heifer单位Units?产前Pre?产后Post?产前Pre?产后PostTotal(MJ/d)?60.7?120.5?58.6?105.0CalculatedfromNRC(2001).Assumesmilkproductionof25kg/dforcowand20kg/dforheifer,eachcontaining4%fat.采食量范围(MJ)58-72?79-88Typicalintake假设经产牛奶量25kg/天,头胎牛奶量20kg/天,乳脂率4.0%