ētōr:Oratoryhadbeenpracticedlongbeforetheancientrhetoriciansdevelopedatheoryandavocabularyforrhetoric.Oratory:*thefoundationofrhetoric*morethanordinaryspeechbutaspecialkindofpublicspeaking(aspecialpurpose,aspecialway,aspecialtime)*toimpress,convince,munication.Theseprinciplesmakeuptheartofrhetoric.asaverb:tospeakasanoun:oratorIII.Whatisrhetoric?Page*3.3?Connotation(内涵)ofrhetoricOvertheyearstheword“rhetoric”hastakenonawiderangeofmeaning.Negativeconnotations:skillful,butoftendeceptive,eloquenceafraudulentpracticetodealexclusivelywithlanguage,ratherthanwithideasformidablesupportfromSocratesandPlato.ias(《高尔吉亚篇》,Platocriticizedtherhetoricians,“Therhetoricianneednotknowthetruthaboutthings;hehasonlytodiscoversomewayofpersuadingtheignorantthathehasmoreknowledgethanthosewhoknow.”III.Whatisrhetoric?
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