. The Rattus norvegicus first appeared in Southwest ChinaРat the middle stage of the Early Pleistocene, then invaded into lower reaches of YangtzeRiver, finally spreadРinto North China at the end of the Middle Pleistocene. Since the Late Pleistocene, Rattus norvegicusРdistributed widely in North, Northeast and the whole South China. Compared with the living species, theРbody size of fossil Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus increased gradually. The origination, evolution andРmigration of both species perhaps occurred mainly in Chinese continent. With the explosion of HumanРpopulations and high-frequent migrations in the Holocene, Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus colonizedРeverywhere on the Earth except the polar regions.РKey words: Mus musculus; Rattus norvegicus; Evolution; MigrationР 9
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