that we cannot use the author’s intention to judge a literary work, since the work is a public utterance, Рnot a private one that depends on the design of its author. (Leitch, 2001: 1372) Р ④ The essay “The Affective Fallacy” is published in 1949, in which Wimsatt and Beardsley discount the reader’s peculiar Рreaction as a valid measure of a text. For them, “The Affective Fallacy is a confusion between the poem and its results (what Рit is and what it does), a special case of epistemological skepticism [. . . which . . .] begins by trying to derive the standard of Рcriticism from the psychological effects of the poem and ends in impressionism and relativism [with the result that] the poem Рitself, as an object of specifically critical judgment, tends to disappear.”(Leitch, 2001: 1388) Р 3
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