mount of human labor is much less than with a manually operated manufacturing system, of course. However, humans still play a vital role in the operation of an FMS. Human tasks include the following:Р• Equipment troubleshooting maintenance, and repairР • Tool changing and setupР • Loading and unloading the system Р • Data input Р• Changing of parts programsР• Development of programs РFlexible manufacturing system equipment, like all manufacturing equipment, must be monitored for bugs, malfunctions, and breakdowns. When a problem is discovered, a human troubleshooter must identify its source and prescribe corrective measures. Humans also undertake the prescribed measures to repair the malfunctioning equipment. Even when all system are properly functioning, periodic maintenance is necessary.