nce the seminal works of Crompton (1979) and Dann (1977) with application to inbound tourismmotivation studies (Hui, Wan, & Chi, 2008; Zhang & Lam, 1999). The push and pull model has been applied to a number of studies in an effort to provide fruitful evidence on differences among tourists by nationality (Cha et al., 1995; Lee & Lee, 2009; Zhang & Lam, 1999) on destination choice (Jang & Cai,2002), even on the selection of specific destinations such as marinas (Van der Merwe, Slabbert, & Saayman, 2011), national parks (Kim, Lee, & Klenosky, 2003) and visits for events such as festivals (Lee, Lee, & Wicks, 2004). More recently, research on the travel motives of specific types of tourists, such as students (Li & Bray, 2007), senior travelers (Jang & Wu, 2006; Sangpikul, 2008), golfers (Kim &
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