meanings from the western countries. It extends from its narrower definition which includes all the things achieved by human civilizations. (Chang, 2003, p.22)Р Generally speaking, there are two types of culture: material and spiritual. While material culture, as the term itself suggests, is concrete, substantial and observable, most of spiritual culture, the products of mind, is abstract, ambiguous, and hidden. In contrast with nature in the sense of what is born and grows, culture refers to what has been grown and brought up with, in other words, what can be nurtured. Culture, especially material culture, is reproduced and preserved through the maintaining of beliefs, traditions, education and other institution mechanisms, meanwhile, it changes slowly with the development of the society.
全文预览
