ludes an economic approach to the International sugar industry and the crucial historical position of Cuba in relation to Spain, England, and the United States as its export partners. The technological advances used in the production of sugar in Cuba, such as the railroad and the steam engine, changed the sugar industry tremendously. For example, the arrival of the steam engine made the sugar milis more effective, and they could produce greater quantities of sugar at a faster pace. Thus, the traditional forms of sugar production in small ingenios (sugar milis) became obsolete. The arrival of the railroad changed the fact that now sugar could be produced at a distance farther away and also be delivered to the ports to be exported more efficiently. In addition, Osear ti suggests that the 219
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