limits • positive checks include hunger, disease and war • preventive ones abortion, birth control, prostitution, postponement of marriage and celibacy Limitation: • It can not reflect the social reason of the population phenomenon • It can not foresee modern science and technology in improving agriculture,industry production and the scientific birth control Many people criticized Malthus ’ s theory, but do not forget his words in his work : If he should eed in drawing the attention of more able men to what he conceives to be the principal difficulty in the way to the improvement of society and should,in consequence,see this difficulty removed,even in theory,he will gladly retract his present opinions and rejoice in a conviction of his error. Thanks for your time