rtogive\ratotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluate\rmanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheirabilitytosolveproblems.\rBecauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersare\roftendecidedwithoutreferencetoanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.\rInattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshouldcomparethevalueof\reachjobwiththoseinthejobmarket.Itshouldalsoconsidereconomicfactorssuchasthecostof\rlivingandthelaboursupply.\rItisnecessarythatpaymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferencesinthewaythatjobis\rperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworkdonewiththehands,\rmonetaryÌÍÎÏencouragementschemesareoftenchosen,forindirectworkers,where\rmeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.
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