independent reasoning, we con? dently eliminate all known possibilities except Hipparchus and we ? nd a perfect match with Hipparchus. 3.2. Latitude Appendix 2 presents an analysis that derives the declination of the Ant/Arctic Circles to be ±51.7° ± 0.9°. This datum must be related in some sense to the latitude of the observer. There are three reasonable interpretations. The obvious interpretation is that this value is 90° minus the observer’s latitude. This case is where a mathematically-inclined observer measured his own latitude and derived the position of the Ant/Arctic Circles as being that angle from both poles. Thus, the observer (whose report was used ultimately by the sculptor) was at a latitude of 38.3° ± 0.9°. This parallel cuts through the Straits of Messina, Athens,
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