ion, field work, data preparation and analysis, and report generation andРpresentation.Р4、Secondary dataР Data collected already by some other agency, such as government statistics, NGO statistics, etc.Р5、Primary dataР Data collected specifically for the particular research project.Р6、Back translation 及含义Р In which the questionnaire is translated from one language to another, and then a secondРparty translates it back into the original, and the two original versions are compared. This processРoften pinpoints misinterpretations and misunderstanding before they reach the public.Р7、Parallel translation 及含义Р It is used to overcome the inaccurate translation, in which more than two translators areРused for the back translation; results are compared, differences discussed, and the most
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