he main business of a conference begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i.e introductory) speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. In orther words, he says a few things by way of introduction.Р 阅读此句时，假如对 preliminary speech 的意思是在开会之前主席所做的一些简洁的介绍，或者说是“开场白”。Р (6)以因果关系为线索猜想词义Р 因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的、能供应生词词义信息的规律关系。肯定的缘由会导致肯定的结果：某一结果是由某种缘由所引起的。在表达缘由的过程中，必定会把词或句子置于一种因果关系的规律之中，这无疑为读者推断生词词义供应了很好的线索。通常会用一些信号词表示句子之间的因果关系，这些信号词有 since, as, because, for,so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so... that, such...that 等。РР Р РР Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could tell the diffference.
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