ts contributed to the increase of the actual construction phase cost almost twice as much as it did in add-on projects and this finding is also significant (p = 0.0130). Although modernization projects reported on average approximately 50% more rework than grass roots projects, this finding lacks statistical significance. Based on project size, the mean TFRF for projects between $50 million and $100 million was calculated as being the highest at 0.073, however, this is based on a small sample of 12. The lowest mean TFRF (0.049) was recorded for projects costing less than $15 million, but again, these findings lack significance. Finally, results by project location reveal that the mean TFRF for domestic (0.051) projects was higher than for international ones (0.045), but as indicated by the
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