edduringdriving.Replacementpilesmayberequired;Sometimesproblemswithnoiseandvibration;Cannotbedrivenwithverylargediametersorinconditionoflimitedheadroom;Drivenandcast-in-placeconcretepiles;Permanentlycased(casingleftintheground);Temporarilycasedoruncased(casingretrieved);Canbeinspectedbeforecastingcaneasilybecutorextendedtothedesiredlength;Relativelyinexpensive;Lownoiselevel;Thepilescanbecastbeforeexcavation;Pilelengthsarereadilyadjustable;Anenlargedbasecanbeformedwhichcanincreasetherelativedensityofagranularfoundingstratumleadingtomuchhigherendbearingcapacity;Reinforcementisnotdeterminedbytheeffectsofhandlingordrivingstresses;CanbedrivenwithclosedendsoexcludingtheeffectsofGWHeaveofneighbouringgroundsurface,whichcouldleadtoreconsolidationandthedevelopmentofnegativeskinfrictionforcesonpiles.
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