: transcription of the original: wordforword reproduction of part of the text in the original language, usually panied by a literal translation omission: the elimination or implicitation of part of the text expansion: the addition or EXPLICITATION of source information, either in the main body or in a foreword, footnotes or a glossary exoticism: the substitution of stretches of slang, dialect, nonsense words, etc. in the original text by rough equivalents in the target language (sometimes marked by italics or underlining) updating: the replacement of outdated or obscure information by modern equivalents situational or cultural adequacy: the recreation of a context that is more familiar or culturally appropriate from the target reader’s perspective than the one used in the original