ions 289References 291IV Economic Policy29511 Microeconomic Policies to Promote Firm-Level Innovation29711.1 Introduction29711.2 Is the Intellectual Property System Working?29711.3 Incentive Systems for Encouraging Firm-Level R&D31311.4 Other Innovation Policies31711.5 Conclusions323References32512 Macroeconomic Issues and Policy 32912.1 Introduction32912.2 Macroeconomic Evidence on IPRs and Economic Growth 33012.3 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS)33412.4 Intellectual Property Rights, Exhaustion, and Parallel Imports 34012.5 Piracy and Counterfeit34212.6 R&D in the Global Economy34412.7 International Migration of Skilled Labor34612.8 Conclusions347References349Mathematical Appendix 353A.1 Production Functions353A.2 Present Discounted Value354A.3 Derivatives355
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