stonework, rocks, gravels, and turfs are used for those downstream. Revetments protect the space from dam crest tothe line acertain distance, normally 2.5m, under the minimum water level ofthe dam upstream. For those downstream, they protect the space from dam crest to draining prism ortodam heel inevent of noprism. 护坡土石坝的上、下游坝面一般都要设置护坡。上游护坡的作用是为防止波浪淘刷、冰层和漂浮物的损害、顺坝水流冲刷等危害;均质坝下游护坡的作用是防止雨水冲刷,风浪、冰层和水流作用,动物、冻胀干裂等对坝坡的破坏。如下游坡由堆石、卵石、碎石砌成, 可不设护坡。对上下游护坡的要求是坚固耐久,能抵抗各种因素的破坏作用,并保证底层不受淘刷。尽可能就地取材, 以降低造价。施工简单,维修方便。上游护坡的型式有:堆石护坡、砌石护坡、混凝土或钢筋混凝土护坡、沥青混凝土护坡;下游护坡的型式有:砌石、堆石、碎石和草皮护坡。护坡覆盖的范围,上游由坝顶护至水库最低水位以下一定距离,一般在最低水位以下 2.5 米。下游面则由坝顶护至排水棱体,无排水棱体时则护至坝脚。 English for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 8 English for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 9 English for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 10
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