。呼吸困难(劳力性)。急性肺水肿。咳嗽,咳痰、咯血,不能平卧。乏力、疲倦、头晕、心慌。舒张期奔马律(S3)。肺部对称性啰音。?右心衰:上腹部胀满,恶心呕吐。劳力性呼吸困难。颈静脉怒张。肝颈回流征(+)。尿量减少。下肢水肿。?心杂音和舒张期奔马律:?左心衰:心尖区舒张期奔马律,细小湿啰音,哮鸣音?右心衰:三尖瓣区三尖瓣相对关闭不全的收缩期吹风样杂音和右心室舒张期奔马律?辅助检查:?ECG:??(1)?V1终末电势异常(Ptfv1≥0.3mms)。(2)?心肌劳累。(3)?心房纤颤并快速心室率(HR?≥120)?X线:(1)心影扩大。(2)??Kerley??B线(慢性肺淤血的特征性表现)。(3)肺门蝴蝶影。???超声心动图测定:?(1)每搏出量下降(SV<50ml/bpm)?(2)每分输出量下降(CO<4.0L/min)??(3)心搏指数下降?CI<2.4L/(min?·m2)?(4)射血分数下降(EF<40%)?运动峰耗氧量(V02max)?:?????A??>?20??ml/?(?min·?kg?)??正常心功能?????B??16~20?ml/(?min·?kg?)?轻~中度损害?????C??10~15?ml/(?min·?kg?)?中~重度损害?????D??<?10??ml/?(?min?·kg?)??极重度损害?开始升高????高峰????恢复正常?CPK????????6h???????24h???????3-4d?AST????????6-12h????24-48h????3-6d?LDH????????8-10h????2-3d??????1-2w?CPK-MB?????4h???????16-24h????3-4d?肌红蛋白?????2h???????12h???????24-48h?肌钙蛋白T??3-4h?????24-48h????10-14d???