yРSystems that act like humansРSystems that act rationallyРViews of AI fall into four categories:РWhat is AI?Р1956РBirthРEnthusiasm(狂热)Р1966РDifficultiesРworks RebornР1986РComputational IntelligenceР1969РIJCAI was heldР1970РAI was launchedРKnowledge EngineeringР1977РPresentР国际人工智能联合会议РThe History of AIРSecondary Translation - Machine Translation ?the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak?the vodka is good but the meat is rottenРCombinatorial explosion problem (组合爆炸)?The fact that a program can find a solution in principle does not means that the program contains any of the mechanisms needed to find it in practice.РPerceptron limitations(感知机局限性) ?A two-input perceptron cannot be trained to recognize when its two inputs are different.РDifficultiesРMcCarthy麦卡锡РMinsky?明斯基РShannon?香农РGreatmen