ent genetic studies suggest that the domestic apple (Malus x domestica), although Рlargely originating from the Asian wild apple (Valesco et al., 2010), received genetic material Рfrom several wild apple species from both Asia and Europe (Cornille et al., 2012), which Рarrived over the trade routes and by way of human migration and settlement. Apples enjoyed Рtoday share their ancestry with several of the approximately 30 primary Malus species (i.e. Рwild apples), as a result of a long history of travel and hybridization (Hancock et al., 2008). РToday apple is one of the most widely grown and important tree fruit crops in temperate areas Рof the world (Zohary and Hopf, 2000; Cornille et al., 2012) (Figure 1).РРР 1
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