r 3 The Shaping of the Nation (1066--1381) 本章概要:1. 诺曼王朝在英国的统治-- 威廉一世的统治-- 亨利二世的改革2.《大宪章》运动(其意义和实质)议会的开端3. 英法百年战争(圣女贞德)4. 黑死病和1381年农民起义-- 罗拉德派-- 1381年农民起义的意义第一部分:Norman Rule (1066--1381) 1. 选择题:Under William, the feudal system in England pletely established. 在威廉统治之下,英格兰的封建制度得到完全确立。2.识记要点:At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs, unfree peasants who were little better than slaves. 在封建等级底层的是农奴----和奴隶差不多的没有自由的农民。3.简答题:威廉统治时期封建制度的特殊特征是什么?----- One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king. 英国封建制度一个独有的特色就是所有的土地拥有者,都要为手中的土地,不仅要宣誓效忠于直接领主,而且要效忠于国王。4. 选择题:William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings, with the Grand Council.
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