scope of 3PL and CEPLSPs, that is, between carriers and 4PL LSPs, their asset structure is alsolocated between these two poles. Unlike 4PL LSPs, CEP LSPs and 3PLLSPs offer physical transportation on their own and, compared to carriers,they outsource services and work in partnerships with other LSPs. Tosum up, the asset structure of LSPs indicates the extent to which plish, for example physical transportation services themselves orsubcontract to other LSPs. The higher the degree of customization andintegration as well as scope of services and average duration of businessrelationships (Figure 2 [Figure omitted. See Article Image.]), the lowerthe intensity of investment, meaning the non-current assets to total assetsratio, and the asset intensity 1 (non-current assets to current assets ratio)
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