occupancy rates and fuel efficiency, which together enable personal travel per MJ of fuel to be increased. The following section examines ways of lowering GHG emissions by using alternative fuels, usually with new power systems. In such analyses, it is important to distinguish between, on the one hand, voluntary change, or politically feasible mandated changes under normal conditions, and on the other, changes due to what climatologists in a different context term ‘external forcing’– for example changes brought about by declining global oil production, or by governments being required to meet serious GHG reduction targets. 3.1. Improving occupancy rates РImproving vehicle occupancy has an important advantage: in principle it can be implemented very rapidly with the existing vehicle fleet.
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