oncoding RNA?与医学Рother small RNAРlong noncoding RNAРRNAi?技术РBreakthrough of the YearРmiRNA----2002РRNAi----2001РRNAi (1998)Р(RNA interference)РRNA干扰РpiRNA----2006РAndrew Fire and Craig Mello?Win Nobel Prize?for their discovery of RNAiР2006РRNAi 现象Рsense?RNAРantisense?RNAР1995 Su GuoРdsRNAРin vitro?transcriptionРsense?RNAРantisense?RNAРdsRNAР1998 Fire, MelloРpurifyРRNAi的发现Р对RNAi的认识不断加深Р由与mRNA序列相对应的双链RNA引发的?使mRNA降解,导致转录后基因沉寂?(post-transcriptional gene silence, PTGS)的机制Р具有很高的抑制效率?具有很高的特异性Р在多种生物中都发现有RNAi现象Р真菌、线虫、锥虫、果蝇、植物、哺乳动物РRonald Plasterk. 2002РRNAi作用机制?(转录后基因沉寂) (post-transcriptional gene silence, PTGS)Р(RNA-dependent?RNA polymerase)Р(RNase III 样酶)Р(RNA-induced?plex)РBrenda Bass. 2001Р长dsRNA在哺乳动物细胞会引起非特异性反应Р长dsRNA引起非特异性反应的途径РPhillip Sharp et al. 2002Р长dsRNA在一些未分化的哺乳动物细胞中不会引起非特异性反应,如胚胎畸胎瘤细胞
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