th the antitumor effects. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium alone improved tumor control to the same degree as anti–PD-L1 therapy (checkpoint blockade), and combination treatment nearly abolished tumor outgrowth. Augmented dendritic cell function leading to enhanced CD8+ T cell priming and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment mediated the effect. Our data suggest that manipulating the microbiota may modulate cancer immunotherapy.РР10РAyelet Sivan et al . Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti–PD-L1 efficacy? 5 November 2015/ Page 1 / 10.1126/science.aac4255РРTumorРРGut microbiotaРРAdministration of BifidobacteriumРРCombination treatment?Bif+anti-PD-L1РРanti–PD-L1 therapyРTumor control?same degreeРnearly abolished tumor outgrowthРРDC cell?CD8+T
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