anges are seasonal orР cyclical, and can at times have a major impact on the economic data[1].Р Challenges to seasonal adjustment include:Р Limited data history. It takes three years or more to obtain a result from standardР seasonal adjustment algorithms, and longer time series are preferable. Short timeР series are prone to one-off shocks such as those during the GFC. Ensuring thatР such shocks do not throw off the seasonal factors requires manual intervention.Р Rapid structural change. Even when sufficient data are available, economiesР experiencing rapid structural change are more likely to see changing seasonalР patterns as well. For example, as China grows in economic importance,Рhttps://research./content/research/en/reports/2017/07/07/9782785981e342efbd1e8982d86e0c91.html 10/148