14 (2012) T otal mutations 450 400 350 300 Mutator 250 evolves 200 150 100 500 Cit + evolves 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 Generations Relative fitness Mutations 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 800 15 600 10 400 200 5 0 0 0 10K 20K30K40K 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 Figure2 tesofgenomicevolutionandfitness improvement.Bluecircles 微生物进化育种高效微生物进化育种?基因组水平突变?能够形成大突变库?突变快速、有方向性?适宜的高通量定向筛选方法 y hd m 10y 表型自然突变进化育种 Microbial Evolution Driven by Mutation Ion injectionTechnology ?eeded for plant and microbial mutation ?Molecular mechanism unclear ?Operation needs anti-radiation Mutation Physical Tools UV Irradiation Ion Injection Plasma ?Feasibility ?Rapidness ?Non GMO ?Random mutation Chemical Mutagens 等离子体面向进化育种的微生物突变方法