\rthanhardwiredelectroniclogicbyafactorofperhaps100.\rInmanyapplications,forexamplethosewhichhave\rmechanicalinterfaces,thisisnotimportantbecausethe\rspeedofresponseislimitedbyexternalfactorsratherthan\rthespeedofthemicrocomputeritself.\rTheproblemoffaultfindinginamalfunctioning\rmicrocomputersystemismoreserious.Thefaultcouldbein\rtheelectronichardware,oritmightbeduetoa\rprogrammingerror,andfaultswhichinvolveinteractions\rbetweenhardwareandsoftwareareespeciallyinscrutable.\rConventionalfault-findingtechniquesandinstrumentssuchEvaluationWarning:ThedocumentwascreatedwithSpire.PDFfor.NET.\rasoscilloscopesarefrequentlyuselessinsuchcases,but\rfortunatelymethodsforlocatingandidentifyingfaultshave\rbeendeveloped.\rINTRODUCTIONTOMICROPROCESSORS\r0@PHerbertBrunner\r?PRestonpublishingcompany,inc.
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