ch are often still Рproducing. РAnother factor is the type of wells being drilled. In the past, Рoperators drilled mostly vertical wells with wide spacing Рbetween surface locations. Now, the trend is toward more Рdirectional, horizontal, and fishbone multilateral wells, often Рseveral of them from a single pad location using subsurface Рwellheads. This trend increases the problem of borehole Рproximity at very shallow depths where a collision may have Рespecially severe consequences in gas producing reservoirs. РAdditionally, many of these new well designs call for reduced Рcenter-to-center distances between wells. РUrban development and congestion also contribute to the Рcomplexity of well design. As market economics make it Рattractive to tap reservoirs that are now beneath dense, urban
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