v. B. 现在进行:主语+ am/is/are + doing 3. 时间状语不同 A. 一般现在: every...always, usually, often sometimes... B. 现在进行: now, at the moment... 现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 A. 结构: 现在完成时:主语+ have / has + 动词过去分词+ 其它成份一般过去时:主语+ was /were/did B. 用法: 现在完成:过去发生,影响现在一般过去:过去发生,与现在无关 C. 时间状语: 现在完成时: just, already, before, never, ever, yet... 含糊的一般过去时: yesterday, last..., ago, just now... 具体的 D. 语用功能: 现在完成时:引起话题一般过去时:具体谈论说话的那一刻在此时间范围内要用完成时,否则用一般过去式时。今年春天我读了很多书。(说话那一刻还在春天)用一般完成时: I have read a lot of books this spring. ( 说话那一刻已经过了春天) 用一般过去时: I read a lot of books this spring. 今天早上我什么都没吃。(还在早晨)一般完成时: I haven ’t had any thing this morning. (过了早晨)一般过去时: I didn ’t have anything this morning. E. have /has got 拥有、患病 I have got a bike. I have got a headache. 报告、表达或转述近期刚刚发生的事往往用完成时,多见于新闻。-9- A scientist has discovered a new star.( 现在完成时)
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